| group |
muscle |
origin |
insertion |
action |
| arm | biceps brachii | coracoid process, supraglenoid tuberosity scapula | radial tuberosity | flex elbow; supinate forearm |
| arm | brachialis | anterior distal humerus | coronoid process of ulna | flex elbow |
| arm | brachioradialis | lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus | styloid process of radius | flex elbow |
| arm | coracobrachialis | coracoid process | medial mid-humerus | flex, adduct shoulder |
| arm | deltoid | clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula | deltoid tuberosity | abduct, extend, or flex shoulder |
| arm | triceps brachii | infraglenoid tuberosity of scapula; lateral & medial surface posterior humerus | olecranon | extend elbow |
| arm | anconeus | lateral epicondyle of humerus | olecranon | extend elbow |
| arm | pronator teres | medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna | lateral radius | pronate forearm |
| arm | supinator | supinator crest of ulna | lateral radius | supinate forearm |
| foot | abductor digiti minimi (foot) | calcaneus | proximal phalanx of digit V | abduct digit V |
| foot | abductor hallucis | calcaneus | proximal phalanx of digit I | abduct big toe |
| foot | extensor digitorum longus | proximolateral fibula | phalanges of digits II-V | extend tarsal digits II-V, dorsiflex foot |
| foot | extensor hallucis longus | anterior fibula | distal phalanx of digit I | extend big toe |
| foot | flexor digitorum longus | middle posterior tibia | distal phalanges of digits II-V | flex digits II-V |
| foot | flexor hallucis longus | middle posterior fibula | distal phalanx of digit I | flex big toe |
| foot | gastrocnemius | both condyles of femur | posterior calcaneus | plantarflex foot, flex knee |
| foot | peroneus brevis | distal fibula | metatarsal V | plantarflex, evert foot |
| foot | peroneus longus | lateral fibula | cuneiform II, metatarsal I | plantarflex foot, evert foot; maintain arch of foot |
| foot | plantaris | lateral condyle of femur | calcaneus | plantarflex foot |
| foot | popliteus | lateral epicondyle of femur | posterior, proximal tibia | flex, medially rotate knee |
| foot | soleus | posterior fibula & tibia | calcaneus | plantarflex foot |
| foot | tibialis anterior | proximolateral tibia | metatarsal I, cuneiform II | dorsiflex ankle; invert foot |
| foot | tibialis posterior | proximal posterior tibia, fibula | navicular, cuneiform, metatarsals II-IV | plantarflex, invert foot |
| hand | abductor digiti minimi (hand) | pisiform | proximal phalanx of digit V | abduct pinky |
| hand | abductor pollicis brevis | scaphoid, trapezium | base of proximal phalanx of digit I | abduct thumb |
| hand | abductor pollicis longus | posterior mid-radius & ulna | base of metacarpal I | abduct thumb |
| hand | extensor carpi radialis brevis | lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus | third metacarpal | extend, abduct wrist |
| hand | extensor carpi radialis longus | lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus | second metacarpal | extend, abduct wrist |
| hand | extensor carpi ulnaris | lateral epicondyle of humerus | base of fifth metacarpal | extend, adduct wrist |
| hand | extensor digiti minimi | lateral epicondyle of humerus | phalanx of digit V | extend digit V |
| hand | extensor digitorum | lateral epicondyle of humerus | phalanges of digits II-V | extend carpal digits II-V |
| hand | extensor indicis | distal ulna | tendon of extensor digitorum | extend digit II |
| hand | extensor pollicis brevis | distal radius | proximal phalanx of digit I | extend thumb, abduct hand |
| hand | extensor pollicis longus | mid-ulna, lateral side | distal phalanx of digit I | extend thumb, abduct hand |
| hand | flexor carpi radialis | medial epicondyle of humerus | metacarpals II & III | flex, abduct wrist |
| hand | flexor carpi ulnaris | medial epicondyle of humerus | pisiform | flex, adduct wrist |
| hand | flexor digitorum profundus | shaft of ulna | distal phalanges of digits II-V | flex digits II-V |
| hand | flexor digitorum superficialis | medial epicondyle of humerus; shaft of ulna | middle phalanges of digits II-V | flex digits II-V |
| hand | palmaris longus | medial epicondyle of humerus | palmar aponeurosis | flex wrist |
| head | buccinator | maxilla & mandible | orbicularis oris | compress cheek |
| head | frontalis | galea aponeurotica | skin of eyebrow | elevate eyebrow |
| head | masseter | zygomatic arch | ramus of mandible | elevate mandible |
| head | oblique capitis inferior | SP of C2 | TP of C1 | rotate head |
| head | oblique capitis superior | TP of C1 | between nuchal lines of occiput | extend neck at C1, tilt head |
| head | occipitalis | occipital bone, mastoid process | galea aponeurotica | move scalp backward |
| head | platysma | fascia of neck & chest | mandible, mandibular fascia | depress mandible |
| head | rectus capitis posterior major | SP of C2 | nuchal line of occiput | extend neck at C1; rotate head |
| head | rectus capitis posterior minor | posterior arch of C1 | nuchal line of occiput | extend neck at C1 |
| head | sternocleidomastoid | manubrium, medial clavicle | mastoid process | rotate head; flex neck |
| head | temporalis | temporal fossa | coronoid process of mandible | elevate, retract mandible |
| hip | adductor brevis | inferior ramus of pubis | linea aspera | adduct, flex, laterally rotate hip |
| hip | adductor longus | pubis | linea aspera | adduct, flex, laterally rotate hip |
| hip | adductor magnus | inferior ramus of pubis; ischial tuberosity | linea aspera, medial epicondyle femur | adduct, flex, laterally rotate hip |
| hip | gluteus maximus | medial iliac crest, sacrum | IT band, gluteal tuberosity femur | extend, laterally rotate hip |
| hip | gluteus medius | upper lateral ilium | greater trochanter | abduct, medially rotate hip |
| hip | gluteus minimus | lower lateral ilium | greater trochanter | abduct hip |
| hip | gracilis | inferior ramus of pubis | proximomedial shaft of tibia | adduct thigh; flex, rotate leg at knee |
| hip | iliacus | iliac fossa | lesser trochanter | flex, laterally rotate thigh; flex lumbar spine |
| hip | pectineus | superior ramus of pubis | lesser trochanter | adduct, flex thigh |
| hip | piriformis | anterior sacrum | greater trochanter | laterally rotate hip |
| hip | psoas major | L1-L5 | lesser trochanter | flex, laterally rotate hip; flex lumbar spine |
| hip | psoas minor | L1 | pubis | extend, laterally rotate hip; extend lumbar spine |
| hip | tensor fasciae latae | anterior border of ilium, iliac crest | IT band | abduct hip; flex hip |
| knee | biceps femoris | ischial tuberosity; linea aspera | head of fibula | flex knee; extend, laterally rotate hip |
| knee | iliotibial band | gluteal fascia, iliac crest | tibial tubercle | abduct hip; flex hip |
| knee | sartorius | ASIS | proximomedial tibia | flex knee & hip; laterally rotate hip medially rotate knee |
| knee | semimembranosus | ischial tuberosity | medial condyle of tibia | flex knee; extend, medially rotate thigh |
| knee | semitendinosus | ischial tuberosity | proximomedial shaft of tibia | flex knee; extend, medially rotate thigh |
| knee | rectus femoris | ASIS | patellar tendon | extend knee; flex hip |
| knee | vastus intermedius | anterior, lateral femur | patellar tendon | extend knee |
| knee | vastus lateralis | lateral linea aspera | patellar tendon | extend knee |
| knee | vastus medialis | medial linea aspera | patellar tendon | extend knee |
| neck | iliocostalis cervicis | ribs 3-6 | TPs of C4-C7 | extend cervical spine |
| neck | longissimus capitis | TPs of T1-T5 | mastoid process temporal bone | extend neck; rotate head |
| neck | longissimus cervicis | TPs of T1-T5 | TPs of C2-C7 | extend cervical spine; laterally flex neck |
| neck | semispinalis capitis | TPs of C7-T7 | occiput; SPs of C2-C7 | extend neck |
| neck | semispinalis cervicis | TPs of T1-T6 | SPs of C2-C5 | extend cervical spine |
| neck | spinalis cervicis | SP of C7, ligamentum nuchae | SPs of C2-C7 | extend cervical spine |
| neck | splenius capitis | SPs C7-T3; ligamentum nuchae | mastoid process temporal bone | rotate head; flex neck |
| neck | splenius cervicis | SPs T3-T6 | TPs C2-C4 | rotate head; flex neck |
| thorax | infraspinatus | infraspinous fossa | greater tubercle of humerus | laterally rotate shoulder |
| thorax | latissimus dorsi | SPs of T7-L5, iliac crest | lesser tubercle of humerus | extend, adduct, medially rotate shoulder |
| thorax | levator scapula | TPs of C1-C4 | medial border, superior angle of scapula | elevate scapula; laterally flex neck |
| thorax | pectoralis major | clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 | greater tubercle of humerus | adduct, medially rotate shoulder |
| thorax | pectoralis minor | ribs 3-5 | coracoid process of scapula | depress, abduct scapula |
| thorax | rhomboid major | SPs of T2-T5 | medial border of scapula | elevate, adduct scapula |
| thorax | rhomboid minor | SPs of C7-T1 | medial border of scapula | elevate, adduct scapula |
| thorax | serratus anterior | ribs 1-8 | anterior medial border of scapula | depress, abduct scapula |
| thorax | subscapularis | subscapular fossa | lesser tubercle of humerus | medially rotate shoulder |
| thorax | supraspinatus | supraspinous fossa | greater tubercle of humerus | abduct shoulder |
| thorax | teres major | inferior angle, lateral border of scapula | lesser tubercle of humerus | extend shoulder; medially rotate shoulder |
| thorax | teres minor | axillary border of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus | laterally rotate shoulder |
| thorax | trapezius | occiput, ligamentum nuchae, SPs of C7-T12 | clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion | elevate, depress scapula; extend neck; stabilize shoulder |
| thorax | external intercostals | ribs | ribs | raise thorax; inhalation |
| thorax | external oblique | ribs 5-12 | iliac crest, linea alba | compress abdomen, depress thorax; rotate thorax |
| thorax | iliocostalis lumborum | iliac crest, sacrum | ribs 7-12 | extend lumbar spine |
| thorax | iliocostalis thoracis | ribs 7-12 | ribs 1-6 | extend thoracic spine |
| thorax | internal intercostals | ribs | ribs | lower thorax; exhalation |
| thorax | internal oblique | lateral iliac crest, inguinal ligament | linea alba, cartilage of ribs 10-12 | compress abdomen; rotate thorax |
| thorax | longissimus thoracis | TPs of L1-L5 | TPs of T1-T12 & ribs 4-12 | extend thoracic spine |
| thorax | quadratus lumborum | iliac crest | rib 12, TPs of L1-L4 | tilt pelvis, extend lumbar spine, laterally flex spine |
| thorax | rectus abdominis | pubic crest | cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process | flex spine |
| thorax | semispinalis thoracis | TPs of T6-T10 | SPs of C6-T4 | extend thoracic spine |
| thorax | spinalis thoracis | SPs of T9-L3 | SPs of T1-T8 | extend thoracic spine |
| thorax | transverse abdominis | iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilage of ribs 7-12 | xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis | compress abdomen |
